18
Nov 95

CG Mode On

From: mvale…@esoterica.pt (Mario Francisco Valente)
Subject: Re: Octrees
Date: 1995/11/18
Message-ID: #1/1
X-Deja-AN: 119646778
references:
organization: Esoterica, Portugal
newsgroups: comp.graphics.algorithms,rec.games.programmer

John McCarthy (r…@jecalpha.ka.sub.org) wrote:
: : Space looks like: Tree looks like:

: : +——————-+ _____________
: : | Quad 1 | Quad 2 | / | | \

: Ok, we could do this, and I understand what an octree is. But what good is it?
: Why is it important to have only 1 vertex in a section, and how can this
: informtation be used for better/faster rendering/plotting/whatever?

OK, lets see if I remember my work on octrees :-)

As said before an octree is a data structure built to represent
reality. Now this “reality” is in fact a cube, enveloping your universe.

The octree root node represents this universe and has 8 children nodes.
Each node represents a 3D quarter of the cube ( you divide each dimension
of the cube in half, as represented in previous BUAG that I’m not going
to repat :-)

In turn each of these nodes has 8 chidlren representing its own subdivision
in 8 parts. You repeat this until you get to the pixel level ( until you’ve
subdivided cubes so much that their dimension [ you’ll have to keep track
of the universe dimension and the number of subdivisions ] is now the
dimension of a pixel [ you choose what a pixel represents, 1 milimeter or
1 km ] ).

What good is it ?

Well, if you render the octree you’ll only have to plot the REALLY
needed pixels. Lets suppose that in your universe there’s only a ship
in the left-backside-superior quadrant/octant. You eliminate 7/8 of
the space ( and volume of pixels ) you’ll have to render.

Furthermore, if this is done in the right way ( meaning, from front to
back and with some testing ) you can eliminate lots of other pixels because
they’re hidden pixels.

Also furthermore ( and this is the area where I’ve done some work )
you can use the recursive rendering process to introduce a fractal
process, thereby incorporating fractal textures into the process with
no loss of speed.

The need to have a vertex in each section means that when you reach
the pixel level subdividing cubes you have to be able to determine
if the pixel is a filled or not. Notice that starting in the upper
level cubes the state of a cube can be 1 of 3: empty ( a chunk that
you can ignore when rendering ), filled ( a chunk you can ignore
because at the pixel level all the pixels will fill this area ) or
crossed ( a cube you’ll have to subdivide to get finer “grain” ).

Let me just add ( to finish the rather long post ) that I used
octrees in my work together with a different form of representing
objects: no CSG, vertex lists, etc; I used hyperplanes ( read geometric
mathematical definitions of surfaces ) to define obejcts; a cube for
example is defined by the intersection of 6 hyperplanes;; the advantage
of this is that you get the normal for each pixel easily ( its in the
plane’s equation ) thereby being able to do lighting easily, without
any convoluted calculations.

Thats it. Hope I was able to put it through.

C U!

Mario Valente


Et in Arcadia Ego


24
Aug 95

Full On IP Provider

From: mvale…@draco.lnec.pt ()
Subject: HELP: PPP Leased Line Netblazer
Date: 1995/08/24
Message-ID: #1/1
X-Deja-AN: 108770337
distribution: world
organization: Laboratorio Nacional de Engenharia Civil
newsgroups: comp.os.linux.networking

Yo

We’re having problems connecting a Linux machine to the Internet.

We have a Linux machine ( 1.2.11 ) with PPP 2.1.2a connected to
a Motorola Codex 3266. This in turn is connected to a 4 wire leased
line which has on the other end a similar modem connected to a
Netblazer router.

We’re unable to get PPP to connect. LCP requests are sent continuously,
all with the same ID, but we get no response from the other side ( though
we can see the packets coming in on the modem RX light ).

We’d like to hear from people with same/similar experiences.

This is particularly mindboggling taking into account that we DID
get PPP to work ( same machine, same kernel, same PPP version, same
modem and leased line ) but we had another Linux machine on the other
end.

Any hints welcome.

Thanks in advance.

C U!

Mario Valente


‘Twas brillig, and the slithy toves, Did gyre and gimble in the wabe:
All mimsy were the borogoves, And the mome raths outgrabe.
Et in Arcadia Ego
mailto:mvale…@lnec.pt http://leo.lnec.pt/~mvalente/


07
Aug 95

Waxing Philosophical About Games

From: mvale…@draco.lnec.pt ()
Subject: WHAT is a *game* ? ( was: What do game programmers want? )
Date: 1995/08/07
Message-ID: #1/1
X-Deja-AN: 107645175
distribution: world
references:
organization: Laboratorio Nacional de Engenharia Civil
newsgroups: rec.games.programmer

: >> Now, the question is, what’s the next
: >> big thing in games (mainly in graphics) — more colors, higher
: >> resolution, or just more realistic engines with the current setups?
: >> Does everybody want to move to 640×480? 24-bit color? With Win 95
: >> giving easy access to SVGA, who will use it, and for what? How soon do
: >> you think this will realistically happen?
: >We can do a more realistic engine, with different effects (such as
: >reflections, semi-transparent objects, or shadows).
: >We can support more colors (16-bit color or 24-bit color).
: >We can support larger screen sizes (640×480 takes 4 times longer to
: >render than 320×240).

Allow me to put my 2 cents ( “centavos” here in Portugal ) and to
go into philosophical mode.

The quote above says “whats the next big thing in games” and goes
on to ask if its going to be “colors, resolution”. All hardware
stuff. The rest of the discussion, to sumarize, has been centred
around how much CPU power would be needed to get to higher resolutions
or better AI engines, how much time we have to wait for better graphic
cards, etc. All hardware stuff.

Now my question is: is all this that matters to make a good game ?
Faster CPUs, better resolution, 3D glasses, 3D sound ? All hardware
stuff ? Or is there something else that makes a game ?

IMHO ( going into philosophy mode ) games can be perceived in two
different ways:

– an approximation of reality

or

– a getaway from reality

The first means that the fun of the game is living/playing/using
some alternate reality, possibly different and possibly similar
to our “real” reality, without the benefits/disadvantages of our
“real” reality. This is the fun in RPGs: you can enter a fight with
a dragon ( or other mystical creature ) knowing that you wont be
killed in real life; you can kick the crap out of an enemy in
Virtua Fighter 2 without getting any “real” bruises yourself.

The disadvantage of this is that you need to reflect ( or
distort ) reality. And for that you need faster CPUs, better
graphics cards, better algorithms, more money, more time, more
people…

The second way allows the game to depart from reality and counts
on the user’s mind to go into what psychiatrists call “suspension”
mode, a mental mode where you’re led to believe a storyline and
fill in the voids.

The advantage of this is that you dont need 3D, faster graphics,
better colors, faster CPUs to get the player into the game. You
only need BETTER games.

Proof of concept: is Pacman a computer game ? Yes. Successful ?
You bet. Is it of the first kind or the second ( as described
above ) ? The second. You sure dont get around in real life in
a labyrinth eating dots and being persecuted by colored monsters.

The fun in games like Pacman, Rally X, Manic Miner, Space Invaders,
Galaga, Mr Do, Tetris, etc is that they have that magical, difficult
to obtain PLAYABILITY. They dont rely on “real” sounds, or “real”
graphics or “real” enemies. They just entertain you for a while and
serve their purpose as a way to escape reality. They dont need more
CPU, colors or algorithms to represent reality. They count on a better
computer ( the brain of the user ) to fill in the voids of a “sketch”
of reality they present.

In answer to the question “what do game programmers want” I would
answer this: first the question shouldnt be that; it should be
“what do game players want”; second, and IMHO, they shouldnt want
more CPU power, better cards, whatever ( of course thats also
important and I’m the worlds greatest sucker for new toys ); what
they should strive for and want is to discover/learn how to make
better, more playable and entertaining games.

Hints on how to achieve that magic Pacman *playability* on a game
are welcome ;-)

C U!

Mario Valente


‘Twas brillig, and the slithy toves, Did gyre and gimble in the wabe:
All mimsy were the borogoves, And the mome raths outgrabe.
Et in Arcadia Ego


03
Aug 95

There Was a Firefox In 95

From: mvale…@draco.lnec.pt ()
Subject: Re: Webmasters: How cope with non-Netscape browsers?
Date: 1995/08/03
Message-ID: #1/1
X-Deja-AN: 107444032
distribution: world
references:
organization: Laboratorio Nacional de Engenharia Civil
newsgroups: comp.infosystems.www.browsers.misc

Andrew DeLancey (delan…@herbie.unl.edu) wrote:
: Elizabeth M. Gardner (exd00…@interramp.com) wrote:
: : I’m working on an article about whether and how commercial Web sites are
: : planning to adapt to the onslaught of new Web users from commercial
: : services (prodigy, aol, compuserve, msn) who will be using non-Netscape
: : browsers, especially sites now optimized for Netscape. I’m interested in
: : any thoughts from you who design and maintain those sites. Will you
: : create a non-Netscape alternative that looks OK with other browsers?
: : Adapt your site to less advanced browsers? Tell people to go download
: : Netscape? Ignore the new folks? I’ve seen all these tactics in use, and
: : would like to know people’s thoughts on the pros and cons of each.

: The questions you pose are phrased in very misleading ways. “Adapt your
: sites to less advanced browsers?” implies that Netscape is an advanced
: browser, when in reality it is merely competent. There are many truly
: advanced browsers. Netscape isn’t one of them.

Precisely.

How do I cope with the problem ? I just dont use Netscape extensions.

This is not downgrading for the sake of other (supposedly) less
advanced browsers. This is conforming to the HTML standard and not
going along with the Microsoft moves of Netscape.

Now I’ve been using WWW since the first times ( Jan 94 ) and I used
to apprecciate the work of Marc Andreessen. And I think that he/Netscape
have all the right to experiment and develop new extensions as testing
ground. But to try and force them on all of us as a standard as a way
to sell more server software just doesnt cut it with me.

Let me put this another way: I’ve been creating some pages with HTML 3.0
(which is the new standard and does all that “netscapisms” does ) and viewing
the pages with a wonderfull browser called UdiWWW ( get it from the URL
http://www.uni-ulm.de/~richter/udiwww/index.htm ). What is Netscape going
to do about it ?

: The *best* answer to all of these confused questions is also the simplest
: answer. Maintain sites that use *correct* HTML, and don’t stray down the
: “enhanced for Netscape” path. Ever. If anything, I’d attach a little
: header that instructs users to delete Netscape from their hard drives,
: and download *any* other browser.

I completely agree.

And I tell my users to download UdiWWW. They get a fine WWW browser with
support for HTML 3.0 and yes it even supports “netscapisms”…

: The notion of a site that is “optimized for Netscape” is very intriguing.
: What this phrase seems to mean (at least where I’ve observed it in practice)
: is that those sites use incredibly annoying and hideous background patterns,
: flashing text in colors that clash badly with the aforementioned backgrounds,
: and ugly simulated small caps and large initial caps created with .

I also agree.

C U!

Mario Valente


‘Twas brillig, and the slithy toves, Did gyre and gimble in the wabe:
All mimsy were the borogoves, And the mome raths outgrabe.
Et in Arcadia Ego


27
Mar 95

As If I Didnt Have Nothing Else To Do

From: mvale…@esoterica.com (Mario Francisco Valente)
Subject: (LONG) The Ongoing Saga of a Newbie Collector
Date: 1995/03/27
Message-ID:
X-Deja-AN: 100694442
organization: Esoterica, Portugal
newsgroups: rec.games.video.arcade.collecting

My name is Mario Valente and I’m an alcoholic (…what?…humm?..oh yes..)
sorry about that…

My name is Mario Valente and I’m now a collector of arcade games, as
stated in the VAPS list: I have a real arcade game. Rally X, to be exact.

It all started in 1993 when I discovered rgvac…

Well, to be true, it all started in about 1980. I was living in a backward
part of Portugal. Now Portugal isnt the most developed of countries. Were
part of Europe, but had a dictatorship for 48 years ( the longest one ever,
its even in the Guinness book ) which made it closed to the outside and the
dictator ( a softie really ) wasnt very keen on progress and development.
But if were now part of the European Community ( important as you’ll read
further, if you get that far ) and up to par with other European countries
( were considered a miracle of economic recovery ), in 1980 we werent; and
in a backward part of the country, even more so.

Why is this important ? Because in 1980 I made a trip to the capital,
Lisbon. And I played my first game: Space Invaders, the one with the plastic
colored film over; the game was really black and white, but the several
bands of color made it look like colour. At the time, we didnt have color
TV.

And thats when I started loving video games. I also found out Pacman in
a later trip to the capital. And eventually played Pong in a cousins home
system.

This eventually led me to buy a ZX81 computer ( the predecessor to the
Spectrum ) with 1K of memory ( eat that Bill Gates! ). So that I could play
games. And I later bought a Spectrum, and a C64 and eventually a PC. So that
I could play games. And I went to University to find out more about making
games ( and I didnt ). I got out of University and I still love games ( even
after being brainwashed into beliveing that all you can do with computers is
stocks and salary programs in Cobol ).

At the University I got my first contact with the Internet. I kept this
contact up to date after leaving the University and going to work at a
research Institute. I took this further by creating the first commercial
Internet Service Provider in Portugal, Esoterica. But I still love games.
My partners know that my interest in the Internet is mainly as a support
for other ventures, namely creating and playing multiplayer games.

Back in 1993, it should have been October or November, I started searching
for newsgroups about computer games. This was because of the ongoing
developments in consoles. There was talk about the Saturn and other stuff
and I missed good games a lot. I was fed up with PC multimedia games,
couldnt find any playable games ( things like a good Pacman, a good Space
Invaders, a nice fighting game, etc ). With this search I came up with the
rec.games.video.arcade group and this one,rec.games.video.arcade.collecting.

At the time I didnt pay much attention to rgvac. rgva led me to discover
Virtua Fighter and for a while I got deep into arcade games again.

But after some cursory reading rgvac for a few weeks, I found something
out: people were COLLECTING this stuff. Having REAL arcade games at home,
with coins and everything. I couldnt belive this!

My first thought was “Lucky bastards!”. There was no way I was gonna be
able to do the same. But I kept reading….

One of the games I really played a lot when I was 16 was Rally X. I didnt
know the name of the game ( there isnt ant reference to it in the game
itself ) and the cabinet didnt have any original paintings ( like most
games here ). And so I asked in rgvac if someone knew the name of this
game with cars and flags and if it would be possible to buy it.

To my amazement someone answered not only with the name of the game but
with a copy of a post by Bill Esquivel selling several games which included
Rally X.

Once again my first thought was “This is impossible, its going to be
expensive, take time, I dont know enough about this, its going to be hell
with customs, etc, etc”. You have to keep in mind that here in Portugal
video game machines need a license and people under 16 cant play them.

But I contacted Bill anyway. I thought that he was going to say “No I’m
not able to ship to Portugal” or that the shipping and handling would be
a lot. To my amazement Bill was up to it! He thought it was a strange
proposal and he’d never done any selling/buying/shipping to other places
than US, but he was up to it anyway.

There was a problem: Bill had the whole machine, PCB and cabinet. And there
was no way we were going to ship the whole thing from the US to Portugal
across the Atlantic. It was too expensive.

I was not going to stop now. I started searching for a way to buy a cabinet
here in Portugal or at least in Europe.

Meanwhile I decided to buy the PCB with Rally X. Bill went to a lot of
trouble to find out how much shipping would be; I took sometime off work;
the international cheque took almost 3 weeks to come out. But eventually
in April or May 94 I sent the $150 cheque to Bill. And almost 2 months later
( we used surface mail, because its cheaper ) I got my notice from the
mail to pick up a large box ( encased in yet another box, thanks Bill! :-)
containing lots of white stuff and this PCB, joystick, buttons, the whole
harness. As my wife said “Can we play now? No ?!? Then whats the use?” I
still had to work out the cabinet thing.

I had already contacted another rgvac citizen, Graham Bisset, about a
cabinet with a 14″ monitor he was selling but I lost it. And I had started
looking up local operators and finding out that you could buy stuff here
( I still have my eye in one who has a stash of old boards ), and so there
was no need to ship a cabinet from the UK to Portugal.

But we eventually got to the money thing. And the price for a used cabinet
with monitor and power supply was about $1000. There was no way I could spend
that kind of money. Back to the drawing board…

I posted on rgvac about a cabinet, and eventually Graham Bisset contacted
me again. Yes he still had the cabinet, and yes he would sell it to me for
about $100. That was 10 times less that the local price!!!! Even with
shipping it should be much cheaper…

I was quite confident that shipping would be cheap: my brother had gone
to live on London for a year and shipping is bass guitars and amplifiers
had cost about $200. Imagine my surprise when I was quoted $500 for shipping
the cabinet from Aberdeen ( in Scotland ) to Portugal! Its much longer from
Aberdeen to Lisbon than from London to Lisbon, they said….

So, I Graham and me had to work something out. Could Graham ship this
stuff to London, to my brothers house ? Sure, he said. All I had to do was
pay the shipping. Graham went to a lot of trouble to find out the costs
( thanks again Graham ) and we agreed on a price of about $200 to pay for
the cabinet and the shipping to London. It took almost a month to get the
international cheque, and I eventually sent it to Graham. We were now in
October or November 94.

My brother came over to Portugal so there was no chance for sending the
cabinet. Then it was the Christmas holidays. Then Graham had a problem with
the carriers who refused to take anything that wasnt packaged properly. We
eventually managed to get the cabinet to my brothers house in middle January
1995. “You must be crazy!” my brother said. “You dont know what you’ve done,
the size of this thing. Cristina is going to kill you!”

My brother was coming home in March, and so we decided to ship the cabinet
together with his bass equipment. I had to wait until the end of March.

Last week he got home. And so did his things. And so did my cabinet!

Everything here, after a year of wheeling and dealing!

OK now what ? Well, I was in Electronics in high school. But I’ve forgotten
most of it by now. I can tell a resistor from a condenser from an IC. But
thats about it.

“Can we play now?” said Cristina. Well, no, you see the cabinet has a JAMMA
connector but the board isnt JAMMA, and so… I started exploring the
cabinet.

I gave it a thorough cleaning and went to see where everything connected.
I labelled everything. And did the same with the PCB. I made some questions
to Graham ( thanks again :-) and this weekend I decided I was going to put
this to work.

Friday afternoon I took off the wires that were connected to the power
suplly and connected the ones on the PCB. I got lucky that in Portugal we
have the same voltage as in the UK, 220V. The wall power jack was different
but I had a converter I had bought in London when I was there on my
honeymoon. I also connected the wires labelled SPEAKER from the PCB ( thanks
Bill :-) to the speaker itself. And connected the wires labelled RGB to the
ones where the JAMMA wires were connected ( thanks Bill and thanks Graham
:-) Called Cristina and asked her if she wanted to see the house explode.

I connected the power cord and heard a loud BANG!!!

At least there wasnt any smoke or fire… it was just the game in test
mode and the volume was too high ( one of the wires wasnt connected ).

But there was no video. I know that in the back of monitors there are
high voltages, but with care I shook this connector and that one. I
eventually found out that one of the power connectors on the monitor
wasnt soldered. I got it bent in a way that I got video for a couple
of minutes and finnaly checked that all was OK with the board. But the
solderings on the connector finnaly gave way and I couldnt get any video
no more. It was 4 AM Saturday morning and I was beat. And anyway I didnt
have a soldering iron, without which I couldnt continue.

So I woke up at about 9 AM and went to buy solder and a soldering iron.
Spent the whole Saturday connecting and soldering stuff. The joystick
was easy enough as well as the fire button and the coin switch. But
the 1 and 2 player buttons were confusing because there were some loose
wires which werent labelled and connected God knows where and also
because the Rally X board had other wires for lights under the buttons.

I just went ahead with experimenting and touching the wires to connectors
and finding out what they did. I took my time, labelled everyhing, took
several breaks. I had/have some trouble with the coin mechanism ( thats
not my forte ) and decided to connect one of the buttons on the cabinet
to simulate a coin dropping. I closed everything, cleaned up the living
room and finnaly got to dinner at 10PM.

But the dessert was wonderful: a nice game of Rally X!! ( a tear or two
now :-) I hadnt played this in about 10 years! I felt like a kid again
( not that I’m too old, just 27 ) but it was great anyway.

Cristina also loves the game. Says its like Tetris, you cant get it out
of your mind, and keep thinking strategies to win. Isnt that what makes
a great game ? Also she’s now changed her idea that it would be better
to have a console; you get a feeling playing a real arcade that you dont
get with a console or PC.

And now ? Well, I’d like to get a Time Pilot 84 and A Tutankham, another
two favourites. Also I can now finnish my port of Rally X to the PC and
make it more like the real thing.

Final notes: sorry about the long post, my biggest ever on Usenet. But
I think it would be useful for people outside the US and UK to know that
its possible for them to collect; and I think its also useful for people
in UK and US to know that its easier for them and to be aware of the
problems others are having ( no auctions, no abundance of arcades, no
new stuff games, no conferences ).

I’d also like to thank ( once again! ) Bill Esquivel and Graham Bisset
for their help and attention beyond the money/deal thing. They went to
a lot of trouble with shipping, packaging, questions, etc that they
probably could do without; all this to help someone start his collection.
I cant express my gratitude.

And now its off to another game of Rally X, see if I can finnaly get past
the 7th level. Without expending money!!! :-)

C U!

Mario Valente



Et in Arcadia Ego