“In a country which is moving downhill, the fraction of stupid people is a fixed percentage; however in the remaining population one notices an alarming proliferation of the bandits with overtones of stupidity and an alarming growth in the number of helpless individuals. Such change in the composition of society inevitably strengthens the destructive power of the percentage of stupid people and makes decline a certainty. And the country goes to Hell. On the other hand, the country which is moving uphill, having a constant percentage of stupid people, also has an unusually high fraction of intelligent people who manage to keep that percentage a constant and at the same time produce enough gains for themselves and the other members of society to make progress a certainty. “